Features of the course of the antenatal and neonatal period in children with bronchial asthma

Abstract

In the course of the work, 983 children aged 1 to 18 years with atopic bronchial asthma of varying severity, 850 boys, 133 girls, were examined. The survey included 116 children with obstructive bronchitis, 74 boys, 42 girls. All children had studied family burden for allergic diseases. Predisposition to allergic diseases in most cases was registered on the part of relatives 40.6±1.6% (p ˂0.001), while in fathers in 24, 5±1,4%, in mothers in 23,10±1,3% cases of allergic disease.The neonatal period in the anamnesis of the examined patients wasalso characterized by a complicated course.Birth asphyxia in the anamnesis of children with bronchial asthma was noted in 11,5±1,0% of cases. The chances of developing bronchial asthma with asphyxia were OR=4.7 (95% CI: 1,5-14,4; p<0,05).Birth trauma in all examined patients with bronchial asthma was diagnosed in 10,1±1,0% of cases, while in patients with moderate and severe asthma - in 6,4±1,3% and 6,4±1,7%, moderate with rhinitis – 14,5±1,8% of cases (p<0,001).The odds ratios for the development of bronchial asthma in a birth injury were OR=5,1 (95% CI: 1,4-18,1;p<0,05). The frequency of occurrence of perinatal lesions of the CNS was 5,8±7,0%, patients with moderate – 5,6±1,2% and moderate with rhinitis – 4,8±1,1%, severe asthma – 8,4±1,9%.Conclusion: Analysis of the results of the study showed that the following factors are the most significant for the development of asthma: a burdened genealogical history of allergic diseases, an unfavorable course of pregnancy and childbirth, birth asphyxia, birth trauma, perinatal CNS damage. The data obtained can be used for preventive monitoring of children from risk groupson the development of bronchial asthma.