New coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in children
Abstract
Due to the rapid and global spread of the new coronavirus infection, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) outbreak as a pande-mic on 11 March 2020. Available information about coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is largely based on evidence published by WHO, the Chinese and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, as well as the European Center for Disease Control in the data on treatment and prevention of this infection. This article, based on scientific publications and official statistics on the web using PubMed and Google, presents epidemiological and clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of new coronavirus infection (CVI), as well as recommendations and basic approaches to the algorithm of routing medical personnel during illness.
References
Azərbaycanda koronavirus infeksiyasının statistikası üzrə icmal: http://koronavirus-info.az
Corman, V. M., Muth, D., Niemeyer, D. & Drosten, C. Adv. Virus Res. 100, 163–188 (2018).
Технические руководящие указания ВОЗ. Наименование заболевания, вызванного коронавирусом (COVID-19), и вирусного возбудителя. https:// www. who. int/ ru/ emergencies / diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-thecoronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it.
Wenjie Tan at al. Notes from the Field: A Novel Coronavirus Genome Identified in a Cluster of PneumoniaCases — Wuhan, China 2019−2020. China CDC Weekly , 2020, 2(4):61-62:http://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/id/a3907201-f64f-4154-a19e4253b453d10c
G. Kampf, D. Todt, S. Pfaender, E. Steinmann. Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and theirinactivation with biocidal agents. Journal of Hospital Infection 104 (2020) 246e251.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.022
Sean Wei Xiang Ong, et al. // Air, Surface Environmental, and Personal Protective Equipment Contamination bySevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) From a Symptomatic Patient. // JAMA.2020; DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.3227
Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, at al. Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact inGermany. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(10):970. Epub 2020 Jan 30.
Kelvin Kai-Wang To, Owen Tak-Yin Tsang, Wai-Shing Leung, et al. Temporal profiles of viral load in posteriororopharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observationalcohort study. The Lancet. Published: March 23, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30196-1
Xu, Y., Li, X., Zhu, B. et al. Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence forpersistent fecal viral shedding. Nat Med (2020). https: //doi. Org /10. 1038/ s41591-020-0817-4
P. Brodin. Why is COVID-19 so mild in children? Acta Paediatrica. Published 25 March 2020https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15271
Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), 16-24 February 2020:https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf
Постановление Правительства Российской Федерации от 31 января 2020 г. №66 " О внесении изменения в перечень заболеваний, представляющих опасность для окружаю-щих"http://publication. pravo.gov.ru/ Document /View / 0001202002030005.
New Study on COVID-19 Estimates 5.1 Days for Incubation Period. The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, March 9, 2020: https://www.jhsph.edu/ news /newsreleases/ 2020/ new-study-on-COVID-19-estimates-5-days-for-incubation-period.html
Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, et al. The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application. Ann Intern Med. 2020; [Epub ahead of print 10 March 2020]. doi: https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-0504
Временные методические рекомендации «Профилактика, диагностика и лечение новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Версия 4 (27.03.2020). Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации. https: //static3.rosminzdrav.ru /system/attachments /attaches/000/049/881 /original/ COVID19_recomend_v4.pdf.
Kelvin Kai-Wang To, Owen Tak-Yin Tsang, Wai-Shing Leung, et al. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARSCoV-2: an observational cohort study. The Lancet. Published: March 23, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30196-1
Shen K., Yang Y. Diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: a pressing issue. World J Pediatr (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00344-6.
Scott D. The Covid-19 risks for different age groups, explained. Vox. 23.03.2020 https://www.vox.com/2020/3/23/21190033/coronavirus-covid-19-deaths-by-age. Онлайн дос-туп от 28.03.2020
Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet2020; published online Jan 24. Available at https:// www. thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30183-5/fulltext.
Zhu N., Zhang D., Wang W., et al. A novel Coronavirus from patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. January 24,2020. The New England Journal of Medicine. Available https://www. nejm. org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017.
Guan W., Ni Z., Hu Y., et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China/ Feb 28, 2020. The New England Journal of Medicine. Available at https://www.nejm.org/doi/ full/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.
Baez D. Clinical findings of 6 children with COVID-19, risks factors associated with COVID19 death, and detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different clinical specimens. Mar 13, 2020.
Dong Y., Mo X., Hu Y., et al. Epidemiological Characteristics of 2143 Pediatric Patients With 2019 Coronavirus Disease in China. Mar 18, 2020. Pediatrics. Available at https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2020/03/16/peds.2020-0702.full.pdf.
Lu X., Liqiong Zhang L., Du H., et al. SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children. Mar 18,2020. The New England Journal of Medicine. Available at https://www.nejm.org/ doi/full/ 10. 1056/ NEJM c2005073.
Chan J.F-W, Yuan S., Kok K., et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Feb 15, 2020. Available at https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30154-9/fulltext.
Zhou F., Yu T., Du R. et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Mar 9,2020. Available at https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30566-3/fulltext.
Zhang J., Dong X., Cao Y. et al. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARSCoV-2 in Wuhan, China. Feb 19,2020. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/ 32077115.
Boulos M.N.K., Geraghty E.M.. Geographical tracking and mapping of coronavirus disease COVID-19/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic and associated events around the world: how 21st century GIS technologies are supporting the global fight against outbreaks and epidemics. Mar 11, 2020. Available at https: //ijhealthgeographics. biomedcentral.com /articles/10.1186/s12942-020-00202a-8.
Wang S., Guo L., Chen L., et al. A case report of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China. Mar 12, 2
Chen H., Guo J., Wang C., et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Feb 12, 2020. Available at https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ lancet/article/ PIIS0140-6736(20)30360- 3/fulltext.
The Daily Star. Coronavirus suspicion: 7-month-old baby sent to Dhaka from isolation ward in Kushtia. Mar 26,2020. Available at https://www.thedailystar.net/coronavirus-suspicion-in-kushtia-7- month-old-baby-isolation-ward-1886209.
WHO recommendation. Getting your workplace ready for COVID-19. Feb 26, 2020. Available at https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/getting-workplace-ready-for-covid19. pdf? sfvrsn=359a81e7_6.
National Health Commission & State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 7), Mar 3,2020. Available at http://www.kankyokansen.org /uploads/uploads/files /jsipc/ protocol _V7. pdf.
Cao B., Wang Y., Wen D., et al. A Trial of Lopinavir–Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19. Mar 18, 2020. Available at https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/ NEJMoa 2001282.
te Velthuis A.J.W., van den Worm, Sims A.C., et al. Zn2+ Inhibits Coronavirus and Arterivirus RNA Polymerase Activity in Vitro and Zinc Ionophores Block the Replication of These Viruses in Cell Culture. Nov 4, 2010. Available at https://journals.plos.org/ plospatho-gens/article?id = 10.1371 / journal.ppat.1001176.
Gautret P., Lagier J., Parola P., et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. Mar 10, 2020. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32205204.
Chang, R.; Sun, W. Repositioning Chloroquine as Ideal Antiviral Prophylactic against COVID19 - Time is Now. Preprints 2020, 2020030279 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202003. 0279. v1).
Advisory on the use of hydroxy-chloroquine as prophylaxis for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recommendation. Mar 22, 2020. Available at https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/ Advisoryontheu seof HydroxychloroquinasprophylaxisforSARSCoV2in fection.pdf.
National Task Force for COVID-19 of Indian Council of Medical Research&. Recommentations for Prophylaxis (30.03.2020)
Worcester S. COVID-19 Characteristics Differ in Children vs Adults. March 13, 2020. Available at https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/926805.
Phulen Sarma, Manisha Prajapat, Pramod Avti et al. Therapeutic options for the treatment of 2019-novel coronavirus: An evidence-based approach. March 11, 2020. Available at https:// www. ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32201439.
Sean Wei Xiang Ong, et al. // Air, Surface Environmental, and Personal Protective Equipment Contamination by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) From a Symptomatic Patient. // JAMA. 2020; DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.3227.
Xu, Y., Li, X., Zhu, B. et al. Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding. Nat Med (2020). https://doi. org/10.1038/ s41591-020-0817- 4
Zeng L, Xia S, Yuan W, et al. Neonatal Early-Onset Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in 33 Neonates Born to Mothers With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Pediatr. Published online March 26, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0878.
Wang, J., Qi, H., Bao, L., Li, F., and Shi, Y. A contingency plan for the management of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in neonatal intensive care units. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30040-7.
Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, at al. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan,China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 12. pii: ciaa248. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa248
Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Gutiérrez-Ocampo E, at al; Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID-19). Electronic address: https://www.lancovid.org. Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 13:101623. doi: 10. 1016/j.tmaid. 2020.101623.
Henry BM, Lippi G, Plebani M. Laboratory abnormalities in children with novel coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020 Mar 16. pii:/j/cclm.ahead-of-print/cclm-2020-0272/cclm-2020- 0272.xml. doi:10.1515/cclm-2020-0272.
Guo L, Ren L, Yang S, at al. Profiling Early Humoral Response to Diagnose Novel Coronavirus Disease(COVID-19). Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 21. pii: ciaa310. doi: 10.1093/ cid/ ciaa310.
Soldati G, Smargiassi A, Inchingolo R, at al. Is there a role for lung ultrasound during the COVID-19 pandemic? J Ultrasound Med. 2020 Mar 20. doi: 10.1002/jum.15284.
Islam M, Levitus M, Eisen L, Shiloh AL, Fein D. Lung Ultrasound for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Respiratory Failure. Lung. 2020 Feb;198(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s00408-019- 00309-1.
Z-M Chen, J-F Fu, Q Shu et al. Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for pediatric respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus. World Journal of Pediatrics https://doi. org/ 10.1007/s12519-020-00345-5.
COVID-19 and breastfeeding. WHO Position Paper. https://www.who.int/news-room/q-adetail/q-a-on-covid-19-pregnanc�-childbirth-and-breastfeeding.
Jonas F Ludvigsson. Systematic review of COVID‐19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults. Acta Paediatrica https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15270 https:// online library. wiley. com/journal/16512227. 41 Версия 1 (24.04.2020)
Shen, K., Yang, Y., Wang, T. et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts’ consensus statement. World J Pediatr (2020). https: //doi. org/10.1007/s12519-020-00343-7.
Karimi A , Rafiei Tabatabaei S, Rajabnejad M, Pourmoghaddas Z, Rahimi H, et al. An Algorithmic Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children: Iranian Expert’s Consensus Statement, Arch Pediatr Infect Dis. 2020 8(2):e102400. doi: 10.5812/pedinfect.102400. http://pedinfect.com/articles/102400.htm.
Alder Hey Children’s Hospital: Clinical Management Of Children Admitted to Hospital with COVID-19. March 2020. Version 1: https: //alderhey.nhs.uk/application/files /1815/8422 /1173/ COVID_19_IN_CHILDREN_CLINICAL_G UIDANCE_v1..pdf.
Michigan Medicine University of Michigan. Inpatient Guidance for treatment of COVID-19 in adults and children: http://www.med.umich.edu/asp/pdf/adult_ guidelines/COVID-19-treatment. pdf.
WHO Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports: https://www.who. int/emergen cies/ diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/.
Приказ Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации от 19.03.2020 г. №198н "О временном порядке организации работы медицинских организации в целях реализации мер по профилактике и снижению рисков распространения новой корона-вирусной инфекции COVID19" (с изменениями от 27 марта 2020 г. №246н): https://rg. ru/ 2020/03/20/minzdrav-prikaz198-sitedok.html.
Keywords
дети
новорожденные. koronavirus infeksiyası
uşaqlar
yenidoğulanlar coronavirus infection
children
newborns.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Rahimova N.J., Mammedbeyli A.K., Gurbanova G.M., Cytokine profile of newborns with seizures , Azerbaijan Journal of Perinatology and Pediatrics: Vol. 6 No. 1 (2020): Journal of Azerbaijan Perinatology and Pediatrics
- Efendiyeva M.Z., Nasirova S.R., Agayeva X.A., Features of the interferon system for perinatal infeksions in newborns , Azerbaijan Journal of Perinatology and Pediatrics: Vol. 6 No. 1 (2020): Journal of Azerbaijan Perinatology and Pediatrics